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Black Fortunes

The Story of the First Six African Americans Who Escaped Slavery and Became Millionaires

Audiobook (Includes supplementary content)
3 of 3 copies available
3 of 3 copies available

The astonishing untold history of America's first black millionaires—former slaves who endured incredible challenges to amass and maintain their wealth for a century, from the Jacksonian period to the Roaring Twenties—self-made entrepreneurs whose unknown success mirrored that of American business heroes such as Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Thomas Edison.

While Oprah Winfrey, Jay-Z, Beyoncé, Michael Jordan, and Will Smith are among the estimated 35,000 black millionaires in the nation today, these famous celebrities were not the first blacks to reach the storied one percent. Between the years of 1830 and 1927, as the last generation of blacks born into slavery was reaching maturity, a small group of smart, tenacious, and daring men and women broke new ground to attain the highest levels of financial success.

Black Fortunes is an intriguing look at these remarkable individuals, including Napoleon Bonaparte Drew—author Shomari Wills' great-great-great-grandfather—the first black man in Powhatan County (contemporary Richmond) to own property in post-Civil War Virginia. His achievements were matched by five other unknown black entrepreneurs including:

  • Mary Ellen Pleasant, who used her Gold Rush wealth to further the cause of abolitionist John Brown;
  • Robert Reed Church, who became the largest landowner in Tennessee;
  • Hannah Elias, the mistress of a New York City millionaire, who used the land her lover gave her to build an empire in Harlem;
  • Orphan and self-taught chemist Annie Turnbo-Malone, who developed the first national brand of hair care products;
  • Madam C. J Walker, Turnbo-Malone's employee who would earn the nickname America's ""first female black millionaire;""
  • Mississippi school teacher O. W. Gurley, who developed a piece of Tulsa, Oklahoma, into a ""town"" for wealthy black professionals and craftsmen"" that would become known as ""the Black Wall Street.""
  • A fresh, little-known chapter in the nation's story—A blend of Hidden Figures, Titan, and The Tycoons—Black Fortunes illuminates the birth of the black business titan and the emergence of the black marketplace in America as never before.

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      • AudioFile Magazine
        Ron Butler narrates this fascinating biography of the first six blacks who escaped slavery and became millionaires. They were born in the Jacksonian period, survived slavery, and became successful business men and women, each accumulating more than a million dollars by the Roaring Twenties. Most made their fortunes in real estate and invested their money soundly in their businesses, the market, and their communities. Butler's melodious voice never falters as he delivers stories of the trials, heartaches, and successes of these early millionaires. Listeners gain an appreciation for the difficulties each overcame on the road to financial independence. These intertwined biographical sketches provide lessons in perseverance, determination, and business savvy. M.B.K. © AudioFile 2018, Portland, Maine
      • Publisher's Weekly

        March 5, 2018
        Wills, a former contributor to Good Morning America, chronicles the incredible stories of six self-made African-American millionaires who amassed great wealth in the decades after Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation. Hannah Elias (1865–1903) was given land by her millionaire lover and used her money to help African-Americans move into Harlem; schoolteacher O.W. Gurley (1868–1921) developed his land in Oklahoma into an all-black commerce district known as Black Wall Street; and Robert Reed Church (1839–1912) purchased properties in Memphis, which he transformed into the black music enclave that became Memphis’s famed Beale Street. Mary Ellen Pleasant (1814–1904) profited from the Gold Rush and used her wealth to fund abolitionist causes, including John Brown’s Harpers Ferry raid. Annie Minerva Turnbo (1877–1957), a self-taught chemist from Peoria, Illinois, built the first black hair care empire, only to be outdone by her former pupil, Madam C.J. Walker (1867–1919). Willis unearths these figures from obscurity using fluid prose and juicy detail (Elias had a “round face with a flat nose and big brown eyes with heavy eyelids. One of the girls who worked with Elias summed her up this way: ‘she exhibited a peculiar influence over white men’ ”). This highly readable group biography illustrates the ways those early millionaires “survived assassination attempts, lynchings, frivolous lawsuits, and criminal cases” and, in doing so, paved the way for Oprah, Beyoncé, and Jay-Z.

      • Library Journal

        September 15, 2017

        Based on a University Honors-winning proposal Wills developed at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism, this book chronicles the first African American millionaires, from Mary Ellen Pleasant, whose Gold Rush wealth helped abolitionist John Brown, to a Mississippi school teacher who developed an area in Tulsa called "the Black Wall Street." With a 25,000-copy first printing.prepub alertThe first word on titles and trends By Barbara Hoffert

        Copyright 2017 Library Journal, LLC Used with permission.

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